Case Study Rails of the Future: A Comparative Analysis of Railway Production and Design in India and Japan Abstract Railway systems play a critical role in national economic development, urban mobility, and sustainable transportation. In Asia, India and Japan represent two distinct yet influential models of railway modernization. While Indian Railways is rapidly upgrading through indigenous semi-high-speed trains such as Vande Bharat under the “Make in India” initiative, Japanese Railways continue to lead globally with the Shinkansen system, emphasizing safety, punctuality, and technological precision. This comparative case study analyzes emerging trends in railway production and design in both countries, focusing on Industry 4.0 adoption, sustainability, safety engineering, and system integration. Using a qualitative comparative framework, the study highlights strengths, limitations, and strategic complementarities between the two models. The findings suggest that India’s ...
BEVERAGE CHOICES IN SUMMER: A DECADE-LONG CONSUMER PREFERENCE ANALYSIS Abstract This study explores consumer preferences for canned juice versus traditional beverages during summer, analyzing trends from 2014 to 2024. Using multivariate hypothesis testing, path analysis, and factor analysis, the research identifies key influences on beverage choices, such as health consciousness, convenience, branding, pricing, and environmental concerns. The study employs statistical testing, including t-tests and ANOVA, to validate findings. The results show a shift in preference toward canned juices due to their perceived health benefits and convenience, though sustainability concerns and pricing sensitivity continue to impact consumer decisions. The paper concludes with recommendations for beverage manufacturers to optimize marketing strategies and product offerings. Keywords: Consumer Preference, Canned Juice, Traditional Drinks, Multivariate Analysis, Sustainability, Brandin...