Case Study Rails of the Future: A Comparative Analysis of Railway Production and Design in India and Japan Abstract Railway systems play a critical role in national economic development, urban mobility, and sustainable transportation. In Asia, India and Japan represent two distinct yet influential models of railway modernization. While Indian Railways is rapidly upgrading through indigenous semi-high-speed trains such as Vande Bharat under the “Make in India” initiative, Japanese Railways continue to lead globally with the Shinkansen system, emphasizing safety, punctuality, and technological precision. This comparative case study analyzes emerging trends in railway production and design in both countries, focusing on Industry 4.0 adoption, sustainability, safety engineering, and system integration. Using a qualitative comparative framework, the study highlights strengths, limitations, and strategic complementarities between the two models. The findings suggest that India’s ...
Case Study on Voltas Limited: Financial, Marketing, and Labour Issues Abstract Voltas Limited, a Tata Group company, has been at the forefront of India's air conditioning and engineering solutions market for over seven decades. Despite its achievements, the company has faced challenges, including financial losses, strained labour relations, and the dynamic competitive landscape of the consumer electronics sector. This case study delves into Voltas' financial performance, marketing strategies, and labour issues, comparing its journey with other electronics companies. It also explores how Voltas has navigated these challenges, including its reliance on contract manufacturing and its focus on self-reliant production. The case concludes with discussion questions and teaching notes for further exploration. Introduction Founded as collaboration between Tata Sons and Volkart Brothers, Voltas Limited has evolved as a leader in air conditioning and engineering so...